How do connecting flights work ?

[mgmgmgmg]

Been flying 20 years, first time connecting.
Bought ticket with BA to Abu Dhabi, via Qatar, and noticed there is only 1 hour between landing of first flight and then takeoff of the connecting flight.

I assume that the luggage is taken automatically from first plane to next and if I miss the second flight due to delay of the first then I get compensation?

[memesweeper]

If it’s on one ticket, the luggage is usually transferred automatically (exceptions exist: eg USA), and compensation and/or reticketing to another flight will apply for a missed connection.

[BA Flyer IHG Stayer]

Compensation will depend on (a) the cause of the delay and (b) the length of the delay at your ultimate destination.